Part II - Review of Sam Garton's "I am Otter" by Béatrice Dumiche

I am Otter, an interactive book

Exploring how the book stimulates the unconscious by playing and drawing

I am Otter is easy to read despite its complexity. In fact, it gives much pleasure at several times as it can be understood at many different age levels. It is destined to last and reveal for many years more hidden and subtle aspects of life, sharpening its critical sense while developing its humor to embrace the inevitable paradoxes in life instead of denying them and then suffering from this denial as an inner conflict.

Sam Garton’s extraordinary drawing talent contributes to this process to a major extent. Garton appeals to the unconscious of his young readers as he is able to illustrate their contradictory feelings and fears into comforting and simple scenes which will not spoil their imagination; like Otter who only begins to write and communicates with Keeper through her drawings which readers have to interpret if they want to understand her. So, the pictures will not lead readers further than they want to go at the moment; they may feel like they are sharing secrets with Otter.

By identification, Otter will be the child readers’ unnamed confidant for whom they will make their own drawings, sharing with her what they feel, yet can’t express verbally. Her blanket-like shape reinforces her attraction for the child reader, appealing to their unconscious need for the maternal protection they lost from the moment of their birth and which they must confront throughout their lifetime. Otter’s example shows readers that uttering what bothers or simply overwhelms them emotionally can be transformed into a pleasant, fantastical experience via a symbolic language which doesn’t require words. The play enables them to surmount unspeakable frustrations of feeling helpless and abandoned by expressing them in a harmless way through games. That’s why both, children and adults, can smile at Otter’s whiskers which look like lightening when she gets angry or at her eyebrows when she frowns because something annoys her. Readers enter Otter’s story at another level where they can relate to it; guessing at her exaggerations through the illustrator’s unspoken language. Otter simply shows that no matter how awkward you might be, you deserve sympathy as long as you try to express yourself. So, children are incited by this experience to use drawings to communicate with adults in a freer way as they create a symbolical space where feelings, fears and frustrations can be uttered without shame.

Originally, Otter appears as a metaphorical figure where author Sam Garton modifies a Biblical image, to represent Otter’s origin; she arrives at Keeper’s doorstep and he adopts her immediately as if she is destined only for him. She had been put there in a box with many tags asking those who handle it as well as the finder to take care of the otter inside. Her origin is clearly mythical and fairylike, freeing the author from any supplemental explanation. He simply alludes to the idea that she may have had an existence before, yet she just isn’t aware of it since, overall, it didn’t matter; her life began when she became conscious of herself in Keeper’s care.

That’s the point where Sam Garton no longer follows the general concept that readers will take their story for granted. He takes into account that children’s consciousness of reality has evolved. Therefore, Garton represents psychological and developmental stages which can’t help but be featured through metaphors. Thus, Otter’s arrival in a box is a concrete picture which describes, in a very simple way, the general human experience of birth. With this example, he shows that everything, even the most complex and obscure experience can be expressed and worked out in a drawing if you give in to your imagination. Your own imagination will find a matching image within your own experience.

Thus, Sam Garton opens the way to a pictorial culture which aims to bring his readers a sense of images which give a communication method beyond childhood as the drawings serve as imagination’s proper medium. They preserve the original emotional ability to create bonds when language fails even though it is necessary to interpret them and give them their own specific meaning. Here, the author’s art is really most brilliant since he shows in the drawings and with his own words how imagination is linked to the awakening of self-consciousness. There is no doubt that Otter’s box has become the place where she stows away her toys and this is the best evidence for her own physical and mental growth. It underlines that she is a real living being who is able to take action on her own as she evolves by playing. She literally got off the box in which she arrived and began exploring her surroundings on her own.  So, she transformed the place, where she had been kept, into her personal accessory - her tool, used for the belongings she actually recognizes as her own.

To be continued....

All photographs and illustrations © Sam Garton

I AM OTTER, by Sam Garton - A Children’s Book, Not only for Children or Otter Lovers

Part I of a in-depth exploration of Sam Garton's I Am Otter story
by Béatrice Dumiche

Otter and the troublesome appeal of idealized childhood

Otter and Keeper, a humoristic couple

I am Otter is far more than a children’s book although it will enchant them, transforming their environment, which they’ll discover from a very new point of view, thanks to an amazing fictional character - Otter - who will reveal a mischievous and clever companion to them. Otter indeed gathers the appealing features of a stuffed animal and a blanket – being total fluffiness without any angularity ‒ and the unpredictable spontaneity of a child’s mind. Like it tries by its games to find its own place in the strange world of adults, whilst they are dedicating to their serious business, Otter attempts to get herself an occupation when (her) Keeper is at work. Introducing this grown-up protagonist who reacts to her fancies, Sam Garton gives his story a twist which makes its originality.  With much humor, he shows, thanks to her and her two major toy-friends, how relative and questionable the compelling rules of adults’ life appear in retrospect from childhood which meant the freedom of just experiencing and improving one’s own faculties to grow up. However, there is no nostalgia in his story which only represents what our pretended common sense and our mental restrictions are likely to become from the moment we adopt another innocent perspective on them: it questions the rigidity of our mind when it gets used to a regular way of life which is mostly determined by the alternation of work -and holidays and doesn’t let much personal independence to even figure out an existence which wouldn’t fit this frame.

Otter’s uneducated, instinctive being shows what happens when you listen to your inner child and remember what a pleasure it is to do things only for fun instead of spending all the time at work to earn your living. So, when she decides to open a toast restaurant to imitate Keeper and have a business to be occupied during his work hours, Sam Garton uses her grotesquely failing experience to build up an alternative humoristic world where you can apparently take fun seriously whilst becoming aware of how ridiculously absurd it might be to follow the standards of a society. Otter reintroduces surprise in Keeper’s life. She troubles his well established, but dull order in life, without being aware of it since she just follows her instinctively playful being, she in fact sways away all his certitudes and expectations.

Thus, even her arrival to Keeper is a surprise:  she lands per chance someday out of nowhere at Keeper’s home in a little box and she is wondering what she is doing there, in these strange surroundings which are far too big for the tiny creature she is. She feels really intimidated by the personality of her human host who is so tall that she can see him in his full length only when he kneels down to her, when he is sitting at the table or lying in his bed. He himself is intrigued by her who is so different from him and whom he can’t get in touch with through his usual rationally understood language. Her arrival is a real personal challenge to him as she seems to have been sent to him by fate: although he doesn’t know why she had come to him, he instinctively guesses that she is there for him and whilst he accepts her at his home without any question, he is guided by his spontaneous attraction to her, postponing any reasonable judgement.

Teddy, the symbol of childhood

To help Otter become accustomed to Keeper himself and have something on her own in his world where she feels like a stranger, he gives her a teddy to be her playmate and also her advocate, or her scapegoat, in her relationship with Keeper. This gift, which stresses that kindness needs no words, seals the deep bond between Otter and Keeper; where it appears that she defines herself only related with him in an almost symbiotic union and considers that he should be exclusively devoted to her. This exclusivity will be at the origin of the trouble which she will bring them both into and which will give the first impulse to their adventures.

However, it would be too simple to reduce Teddy to what Winnicott calls a transitional object which for the child is a concrete substitute of its mother’s body to keep it safe, whilst she stays away, and help it accept its separation from mother. Teddy is indeed more than that: he is a real symbol as he is very significant for Keeper, being sort of a fetish; he lets Keeper get in touch again with unconscious and highly sought memories of his own childhood. Teddy expresses his own secret longings for someone to care for who would reward him for his love; then Otter appears in his life. Her childlike character reminds him not so much what it means to be a child, but how tiring it is to live with one. She might be fictional, however, she eventually leads him back to a more realistic appreciation of what his own childhood must have been and challenges him to integrate her untamed, overflowing vitality in his life and work.

With much thoughtfulness, I am Otter introduces a modern conception of parenthood based on psychology and common sense which corresponds a highly developed and differenced society. It gives an artistic answer to a message of tolerance; it demonstrates that imagination is a gift accessible to anyone; one who accepts for love’s sake to change one’s usual perspective. That’s why empathy and love become the significant and determining aspects of the relationship between Otter and Keeper, who don’t communicate verbally; Teddy becomes the symbol of their unlikely cohabitation which reveals how much feelings can be shown through unconscious projections and body language and therefore need to be adjusted by one’s experience.

Keeper becomes aware that childhood is reachable for him only through empathetic recalling which requires that he adapt his personal memories to Otter’s unusual and unpredictable being causes him to feel a bit helpless. Getting in touch with Otter requires an imaginative effort from Keeper, which is highlighted by the story’s artwork.  When Keeper introduces Teddy, he must kneel down and wave with him to attract her out from behind the armchair, and while he does this, he looks pretty humorous for those who aren’t involved in the story. Even for those who are indulging with the storyline, guess that Keeper’s willingness to adopt Otter’s perspective is a gesture of kindness, setting himself apart from other adults who wouldn’t have done the same. Teddy is his welcome gift and he will help express her feelings towards Keeper which she can’t express directly as he seems out of reach to her, like a god with whom she will never be able to establish immediate contact. Teddy reduces the distance between Otter and Keeper with Otter recognizing immediately the calming effect Teddy has upon her.

Teddy is Keeper’s representative - whom she can voice all the grievances she wants to utter against Keeper and his authority when he leaves her alone to go to work which also hurts her love of him and  her desire to be a grown-up like him. She is also unaware that, while she uses him to vent her frustrations, she already accepts him as a real companion with whom she can share all she couldn’t with Keeper because he is an adult and has no longer the same needs and personal interests. Yet, she only realizes that he is her loyal playmate when he gets lost; she misses him as a real friend whom she loves to stay with when Keeper is away because she can play with him and let her imagination go free without referring to him as an authority. He symbolizes Keeper’s alter ego when he was a child and who still would enjoy spending his time playing with her, whilst he himself has evolved and can only look back to it with sympathy and humor, which gives him the strength to be an adult without any regret. This appears clearly with the concert she gives for him where he looks rather bored and self-ironic whilst Teddy is sitting there quite impassibly as the partner who will be much more able to respond to her exuberant character which he is too old to immediately deal with. With Teddy, she can experience life by testing her skills and exploring her environment without any fear since he will be there to take over the responsibility for any mistake she makes and let her take the credit for any success and, moreover, unlike her, he won’t plan any revenge for anything she might accuse him of. Thus, since Teddy is Otter’s personal toy, but not a person like Keeper, he is able to tolerate her unconscious contradiction between her desire to be secure and simply enjoy the freedom to do whatever she wishes, whenever she wishes it.

So, her relationship with Teddy illustrates in a caricatured way what she projects, both positive and negative, on Keeper who is in the role of the annoying, yet highly praised and idealized parent, whose authority she can’t deny for that may cause her to lose his love and protection. By his mere presence, Teddy teaches Otter that there is the reality she lives, yet another reality in which Keeper lives, which overrules her reality despite his sympathy for her own reality of play and games.

 Teddy’s evolution from a toy to a soul-mate

Teddy helps Otter forge bonds. Although he might just be a toy she imagines she can manipulate as she wishes, he defies his own material resistance: he apparently has no will of his own with which to answer her high expectations, yet this flaw appears to be his strength because he allows her realize that she is not omnipotent, and that she needs a friend for reasons other than to just rule over him. She begins to understand that she has flaws, like when she regrets having reacted with so much anger against him as she never imagined he could have his own will and disappear. She becomes aware that she can’t do without him not because of his docility, but because of his apparent indifference, which forces her to assume the responsibility for the consequences on her relationship with him. So, she begins to develop empathy and to think like a person.

That’s the point when she learns that she determines her own impact on reality by the link she establishes between imagination and sympathy. At the edge of consciousness, she is able to make both levels meet, such that she finally finds him on her own, through an intuition that allows her associate her decision to dismiss him as the manager of her toast restaurant in their game and the rude way she treated him when she threw him, without caring, into the box with all the other toys. She realizes Teddy didn’t leave her because he was angry at her like she was at him, he got lost only because SHE considered him an insignificant thing instead of the symbolic friend he represents to her because he had been given to her by Keeper as his soul-mate. From the moment she admits him as a real friend because of her affectionate link with him, and no longer treats him like any other toy, she also accepts that Keeper leaves every day for work.  She has internalized his symbolic role and is happy with her own world, which she guesses is quite different from those adults live in. Her failure to incorporate that into her job experience also revealed to her that she was not only unprepared for it, but it also let her recognize the worth of friendship as independent and know that it is far more precious than an uncertain social success. So, finally, she stays on the windowsill with Teddy waving to Keeper, who sadly, reluctantly goes to work, bending his head forward as if still half asleep. Unlike him, she can enjoy her life by spending it with games that broaden her mind, becoming aware of herself and what she loves. They help her improve her skills whilst she develops creative answers to the psychological challenges they confront her with, according to her own evolution.

Teddy is the indispensable stimulator of her imagination in a multi-layered story which features mostly types defined by the function they were given in the plot. Neither he nor Keeper, nor even Otter herself, have been endowed with many individual traits.  Those are revealed only through the drawings, which make the personality traits more clear. The only difference with Otter is that they create constancy that is opposed to her changing imagination and spontaneity; there just to react to her and her fancies and to help her get mentally involved.  So, she is the only one of the trio who gains a more sophisticated personality which is unveiled through the story where she transforms into having a dialogue with herself where her “ramblings” are confronted with the substantiality of the illustrations. Sometimes, the account of what happened in Keeper’s absence or her interpretation of his reactions and his instructions actually match, yet only the readers get the whole insight of the situation, since they are “eye-witnesses” of the events she relates “innocently” from her subjective point of view which differs a lot from what the readers “objectively” see in the drawings. Her personal interpretation is therefore never disqualified, no matter how unbelievable it might be, it is simply realized to be Otter’s own perception which is changed by her total emotional implication in her story. Her version is questioned by the drawings, but she is never viewed as a “fibber” although it is obvious she takes advantage of embellishing her tale. In fact, her example lets those who are prone to judge her become aware that she has a naiveté and innocence – daring to speak freely as many readers would like to, yet don’t, because they fear being ridiculed.

Paradoxically – and this is the touch of humor which makes Otter’s selfishness so cute and appealing, for either an adult or a child – Otter appears to be the most sincere creature ever to have transgressed the social codes as well as the narrative logic and conventions. She incarnates the dream of an innocent being with no other reason to be than to generate fun by thinking outside the box and is then confronted to rules which appear meaningless to her as they do for any child growing up into the adult world and thereby, acquiring socialization, which often also means adaptation to rules for which they don’t necessarily agree. That’s also why she is without any doubt the main character: her fictional being meets child and adult perspectives, both projecting their secret desires and expectations on her. The child must recognize that innocence is not an excuse for being rude to others and the adult must acknowledge that he himself would like to sometimes break social rules, but understands the need to be empathetic and at times indulgent towards others. Otter will initiate a dialogue based on the sympathy she brings forth in both children and adults which leads to an interaction beyond the book itself. From the beginning – even before Sam Garton published his first book ‒ he created Otter as an interactive character who communicated with her readers by commenting on her “ramblings”. You can find these pre-book publications on the website: www.iamotter.co.uk where can even play with Otter. There is especially a hilarious game called Dress Otter where she will comment on choices that she finds silly and inadequate.

To be continued....

The otter is a cunning and evil beast: Nemo and his fellows, now and in the past

Respectfully reviewed & submitted to Otter News by Béatrice Dumiche

That is the title of a unique exhibition taking place from October 30, 2015 thru March 6, 2016 at the Fabry Museum in Hilden near Düsseldorf, Germany. The exhibit is organized by Wolfgang Gettmann, former director of the Aquazoo and member of the IUCN Otter specialist group, and last but not least Nemo’s caregiver and otterly friend.

For ten years now, the cheeky Asian Short-clawed otter, Nemo, has spread all of his charming cuteness and natural cheerfulness to advocate, in numerous meetings and TV programs, against the prejudices his fellows are still the victims of. 

Although otters have been protected since the late seventies of the 20th Century, they had been nearly eradicated before, less due to the superstitions they were associated with in ancient times than for economic reasons like many predators: they were considered a threat to fishery as otter pelts created wealth for their hunters. They were indeed most appreciated because of the density of their fur to be transformed into blankets and coats before they became a sign of prosperity, worn by royalties and noblemen, and, eventually later in the 20th century, an outstanding fashion accessory.

So, despite the recovery of the European otter - now returning to many of its former territories - defending the cause of otters, is still necessary since at least 6 species around the world remain endangered. Moreover, their vulnerability in our highly industrialised and globalised contemporary society reveals new challenges for their protection such as water pollution, an increase in road casualties and primarily a loss of their habitat.

That’s why Nemo, who has gained worldwide popularity, being the IOSF ambassador of the 13 acknowledged otter species, introduces the exhibit from an original perspective. Each species is featured with items informing about their anatomical characteristics via dermoplastics - a taxidermic technique - skeletons or skulls, and their environment. Yet the great originality of the exhibit, which mostly come from Wolfgang Gettmann’s private collection, is that it relates these physiological data with the cultural representation of otters in the different civilizations where they occur.  A portion of the exhibit illustrates the current hunting practices and the way the animal was perceived in the past beginning in the Middle Ages when it was treated as a fish and thereby could be eaten during the Lenten fast. So, the visitor will find oddities like cooking recipes and lots of works showing otters in the fine and applied arts giving an overview of their imagery throughout history.

Yet, the emphasis lies on the educational effort which has been undertaken by several countries and associations to gain the approval by local people for the otters’ protection. Stamp and coin collections play an important role within the display and one will be surprised by the quantity of otter stamps issued throughout the world, bringing attention to their vulnerability. Most of the stamps and coins rely on popular arts showing that an educational purpose needs to be rooted in a tradition which awakens an early interest in otter conservation.

Hence, a range of stuffed toys and children’s books round out the exhibition and let it close with some hope.  The collection itself reveals that this shy and elusive animal is more present than expected in human imaginary and thus points to a more favorable future where otter trophies and fur coats will be replaced by a different variety of fashion - t-shirts, caps and badges – to gain the support of the larger public.

Together with the Wilhelm Fabry Museum, Wolfgang Gettmann has organized a cycle of conferences which underline the connection between natural and cultural sciences and the necessity to create synergies between local and global perspectives in order to make otter conservation a sustaining success.

Details on the special conferences:

(all times listed are in Central European Time - CET)

November 8th 2015, 11:00 am (CET)
You otter know! … Pictures of an otter world

Conference by Wolfgang W. Gettmann, Former director of the Aquazoo Düsseldorf, Member of the IUCN Otter Specialist Group

November 26th 2015, 7:30 pm (CET) 
All animals are equal – but some more than “otters”

George Orwells famous satire Animal Farm performed by an actor and an accordionist, 13th literary concert in Hilden with Peter Welk and Lutz Stenger

January 14th 2016, 7:30 pm (CET)
Otters in the fine arts

Conference by Sandra Abend, doctorate holder & director of the Kinderartothek within the Wilhelm Fabry Museum. Abend also provides lectures in fine arts at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

February 11th 2016, 7:30 pm (CET)
The otter is back in North-Rhine-Westphalia - What tracks and genetic fingerprints actually tell us                                                                                                                                                     
Conference by Jan Ole Kriegs LWL-Museum für Naturkunde, Westfälisches Landesmuseum mit Planetarium Münster

February 25th 2016, 7:30 pm (CET)  

On otters, giant sharks and the Isle of Sky: on the tracks of Gavin Maxwell, the lonely “citizen of the world”
                                                                                                                                      
Conference by Wolfgang W. Gettmann, Former director of the Aquazoo Düsseldorf, Member of the IUCN Otter Specialist Group.

These conferences are held in German. An English summary might be delivered on prior request.

The Museum is located Benrather Strasse 32a in Hilden and is easy to reach from Düsseldorf by bus with the lines 783, 784, 785 and 03 (Stop: Fritz-Gressard-Platz/Wilhelm-Fabry-Museum) as well as with the S-Bahn 1.

Entrance fees: 3 euro (reduced 1, 50)

Hours:
Tuesday/Wednesday/Friday: 3pm to 5pm
Saturday: 2pm to 5pm
Sunday and Holidays: 11am to 1pm and 2pm to 6pm

The museum is closed on December 24th, 25th and 31st and on January 1st.

For further questions and if you require a private or a group visit please contact:
Wilhelm-Fabry-Museum via info@wilhelm-fabry-museum.de

All photographs courtesy of the Dr. Wolfgang Gettmann collection & exhibit promotional materials. 

Sea otter Distribution, Status and Taxonomy

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Sea otters, originally native to Japan, Alaska, Canada, Russia, Mexico and the United States, now have established populations in southern California, Washington state, British Columbia, Alaska and the east coast of Russia.  Recently, there have been sporadic sightings along the Oregon coast seeming to indicate the species is attempting to expand southward.

The sea otter is classified by the IUCN as endangered with a decreasing population, one that is that is believed to have declined over 50% in the last 30 years, equating to about three generations.  Their populations, once numbering 150,000 to 300,000 animals worldwide, decreased to approximately 2,000 when the commercial fur trade ended in 1911. 


Sea otter range map courtesy of www.iucnredlist.org

Sea otters have many threats in the modern day. Their greatest threats are from oil spills, either small or large like the Exxon Valdez catastrophe of 1989, pollution in their native habitats and the resulting diseases, conflicts arising from commercial fisheries, as well as boat strikes.  There has been an increase in orca and shark predation in recent years.

The taxonomic listing for the sea otter is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Subphylum: Vertebrata; Class: Mammalia; Order: Carnivora, Family: Mustelidae; Subfamily: Lutrinae; Genus: Enhydra; Species: Lutris.  The sea otter is further divided into three subspecies, depending on its range.  Enhydra lutris lutris ranges from the Kuril Islands north past the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Commander Islands in the Western Pacific, Enhydra lutris kenyoni’s range is on the eastern side of the Pacific in the Aleutian Islands and Alaska. Finally, Enhydra lutris nereis inhabits the central coast of California.

Hairy-nosed otter status and distribution

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Hairy-nosed otters are listed by the IUCN Red List as endangered with its population trend decreasing.  In fact, its population is believed to have declined 50% in the past 30 years.  The species was thought to be extinct, but has been rediscovered in Southeast Asian counties of Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia.  (range map courtesy of IUCN Red List). 

 

Hairy-nosed otters have significant threats in their range. Otters in Southeast Asia, including the Hairy-nosed otter, are the subject of intensive poaching and are hunted for illegal wildlife trade, medical use and for bushmeat.  (Otter News will explore more about this topic during Hairy-nosed otter month).

The official taxonomic listing is: Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Subphylum: Vertebrata; Class: Mammalia; Order: Carnivora; Family: Mustelidae; Genus: Lutra; Species: Sumatrana.

Otter News sends sincere appreciation to Carol Bennetto for the use of her photograph in this post. 

Mazu's beginning

 Article by Jo Myers Thompson, Ph.D., original publication date - 2010

(full article available, click here)

 

 Follow Congo Clawless otter month daily on Otter News.

Enjoy this article on Mazu's early days



A newborn Mazu

Early in February 2010…[after killing the adult mother of a Congo Clawless otter pup, a hunter, named Mundweni, brought the newborn pup to two missionaries serving in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Africa.]

Glen and Rita Chapman are missionaries who have both lived most of their lives serving in the Congo. Their mission station is a small pastoral training center called Kikongo. About 170 kilometers east of Kinshasa, the capital city, their idyllic home village lies on the bank of the Wamba River (a tributary to the Kwango River) in Bandundu Province, DRC. Rita has a special gift for successfully raising wild orphans. So, Mundweni presented Rita with the newest addition to her menagerie.
 
The Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus) range corresponds to the Congo river basin. It is one of the least known otter species in the world. It has a patchy distribution across its range of occurrence and a very low density of occupation where it is found. Within their previous range, their population numbers have been reduced and they have been extirpated from areas where they may have previously been assumed to occur. There is a desperate need for conservation action and research.
Threats to Survival:  

• the escalating demand for bush meat and skins
• habitat loss and degradation
• steep decline in fish populations due to overfishing by humans with improved technology and nylon fishing nets
• pressure from development of hydro-electric power projects
• under-representation of otter habitat in protected areas
• pollution and deterioration of water quality resulting from large scale deforestation throughout their range
• growing proliferation of weapons and munitions such that now otters can be shot from pirogues and river banks
• dramatic depletion of other species (such as the hippo) who play an integral role in the food chain on which otters depend and contribute to the aquatic-ecosystem functioning that supports otter food supplies.

The Congo Clawless Otter is the most terrestrial otter species in the world and is therefore much more vulnerable to snares set on land. They are not protected by traditional taboos across their range. Some of these threats can be considered major, but more importantly is the dramatic combined effect of threats on otter populations.

 

Today (as of late 2010), the little pup is now known around the world as "Mazu" in deference to her persistent vocalizations recognized in the world of otter husbandry as the "nursing hum." Mazu means "noise" in the tribal Kikongo language. Mazu has united the interests of people around the world and in her home village. Locally and abroad Mazu has become a symbol of Congolese natural heritage and a global treasure. Through the efforts of the International Otter Survival Fund (IOSF), Mazu has been introduced to the world and on this global stage has become an unparalleled ambassador for African Otter Conservation.

 

Mazu helping to teach future conservationists

The Future for Mazu: it will be inappropriate to release her back into the wild. Congolese do not have experience distinguishing between wild animals and tamed wild animals when they are hunting. So, with the support of a group of caring individuals and organizations, Glen will be providing a safe and stimulating enclosure to meet Mazu's growing needs, Rita will continue to provide the nurturing and sensitive care under which Mazu thrives, the local community will reap the benefits of global attention and Mazu will continue to teach us all.

 

Special note: Mazu was originally thought to be male so references to Mazu's gender in this article have been updated from the original publication. 

Congo Clawless otter Distribution and Status

During July 2013, follow Otter News for Congo Clawless otter month

 

Photo courtesy www.pressdispensary.co.uk, Mazu caretakers & IOSF

The Congo Clawless otter is listed by the IUCN Red List as a species of least concern, however little is known about its population tread.  It was originally thought to be, and at times still described as, a subspecies of the African/Cape Clawless otter (Aonyx capensis).

Congo Clawless inhabits the rainforests and swamps within the Congo River basin (see map below).  As mentioned during African Spotted-necked otter month in May, Congo Clawless otter habitat overlaps some with Spotted-necked otters as Spotted-necks are present in the Congo basin as well. 

Per the IUCN Red List, Congo Clawless otters are not considered to have major threats at this point; however, they still face habitat loss and are hunted for bushmeat and their skins.
  
Some common names include: Cameroon Clawless, Small-toothed Clawless and Zaire Clawless otter.  The official taxonomic listing is: Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Subphylum: Vertebrata; Class: Mammalia; Order: Carnivora, Family: Mustelidae; Genus: Aonyx; Species: Congicus.

Range map courtesy www.iucnredlist.org